外源壳聚糖诱导番茄抗灰霉病的作用

[目的]为了明确壳聚糖对番番茄茄幼苗抗灰霉病的诱导作用。[方法]采用叶面喷施的方法,测定了壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病诱抗效果以及番茄叶片中叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、愈创木酚过氧化物酶（POD）、丙二醛（MDA）、脯氨酸的影响。[结果]壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病的诱抗效果14d时达到58.26%;与灰霉病菌处理组相比,壳聚糖处理组番茄幼苗叶片中叶绿素含量最高增加34.63%、可溶性蛋白含量增加5.30%、可溶性糖含量增加10.83%、游离脯氨酸含量增加16.21%、POD含量增加16.88%、MDA含量降低16.54%。[结论]外源壳聚糖可以提高番茄幼苗光合利用率和保护酶活性从而提高番茄幼苗对灰霉病的抗性。     

非洲菊灰霉病抗性鉴定技术的研究

 灰霉病是非洲菊切花破坏性的病害,在采后阶段的发生和危害尤其严重,培育抗性品种具有重要意义,抗性非洲菊材料的筛选鉴定是抗性品种培育的必要技术。以生产中显著抗病和感病品种为试材,研究非洲菊灰霉病抗性鉴定技术中适宜的试验材料、灰霉菌孢子浓度、孢子侵染条件和病害评估方法。结果表明, 非洲菊花瓣正面接种病害发展快、不同抗性品种间差异明显;分生孢子的侵染萌发需要充足的氧气和营养,2μL液滴、马铃薯葡萄糖的添加使花瓣发病整齐均匀;病菌的增殖危害与接种时分生孢子和马铃薯葡萄糖的初始浓度相关,在一定浓度范围内,二者呈反比关系,其中分生孢子适宜浓度为3.0×105~1.0×106个孢子/mL,马铃薯葡萄糖的适宜浓度为3%~6%;接种花瓣放置于室温、自然光、近100%湿度条件下,接种48h是最佳的评估时间。     

百合灰霉病高效杀菌剂的筛选和联合作用研究

在室内采用菌丝生长速率抑制法测定了6种杀菌剂对百合灰霉病菌的毒力。结果表明:1)异菌脲,百菌清,多菌灵,苯霜灵,已唑醇,腈菌唑6种原药对百合灰霉病菌的EC50值分别为130.7528、1.2479、3.9247、34.524 0、7.9625和10.1775 mg/L。其中,百菌清的毒力最高,其EC50为1.2479 mg/L,多菌灵次之,其EC50为3.924 7 mg/L,异菌脲的毒力最低,其EC50为130.7528 mg/L。2)不同配比的的腈菌唑和异菌脲混剂均对百合灰霉病菌有抑菌活力,但不同配比,对百合灰霉病菌的抑制率不同,当m(腈菌唑)与m(异菌脲)的配比为2∶8时,菌丝的菌落直径最小,抑菌效果最佳,为最佳配比。3)测定异菌脲和腈菌唑混剂对百合灰霉病菌的毒力回归,并计算EC50,以异菌脲为标准杀菌剂,计算各复配剂的共毒系数,m(异菌脲)和m(腈菌唑)以2∶8的配比混配,其共毒系数为130大于100,具有明显的增效作用。     

Screening of conidium development mutant of Botrytis cinerea and functional analysis of the related gene

A novel conidium development mutant was obtained by screening the transformants of Botrytis cinerea produced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated method, which lost the ability of producing conidia. The flanking sequence of T-DNA insertion site was acquired by TAIL-PCR technology, and then, the T-DNA insertion in the second exon of BC1G_02800.1 confirmed by BLAST between the flanking sequence and the known sequence in the B. cinerea gene database. The mutant gene was identified as BC1G_02799.1 located in the upstream of BC1G_02800.1 gene by RTPCR. The DNA full-length sequence of BC1G_02799.1 was 1951 bp and contained 1848 bp coding region, which encoded a 615 amino acids putative protein similar to ABC-transporter, and the function of BC1G_02799.1 gene was unknown to date. Phenotype analysis of the mutant found that the mutant strain colony was white, grew slowly, and did not produce conidium and sclerotia on PDA medium but showed a stronger pathogenicity to tomato leaves and successfully increased the enzyme activity related to pathogenicity compared to the wild type strain. The results suggested that the BC1G_02799.1 gene was involved in the conidium development, the sclerotia formation, and pathogenicity in B. cinerea. Our research will facilitate in understanding the molecular mechanism of conidium development, sclerotia formation, and pathogenic in B. cinerea.     

枯草芽孢杆菌B21抗菌蛋白的分离纯化及特性研究

枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)B21对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea Pers.)有较强的抑制作用,其产生的抗菌物质主要是抗菌蛋白.为明确该抗菌蛋白的理化性质,利用饱和硫酸铵沉淀法得到拮抗粗提蛋白,所获粗提蛋白不耐高温,对胰蛋白酶和蛋白酶K部分敏感,对链霉蛋白酶不敏感而对氯仿敏感,作...     

辽细辛精油对黄瓜灰霉病菌菌丝体细胞膜通透性的影响

以辽细辛精油为材料,以黄瓜灰霉病菌为靶标,采用干菌丝和鲜菌丝两种处理方法,测定了辽细辛精油对黄瓜灰霉病菌菌丝体电导率的影响,结果表明,无论是干菌丝还是鲜菌丝,精油处理后灰霉病菌菌丝体的电导率均随着精油处理浓度的加大而提高、随处理时间的延长而提高.说明辽细辛精油对黄瓜灰霉病菌菌丝体细胞膜的通透性具有一定影响,可引起细胞膜...     

Multiple-disease resistance in Vicia faba: Multi-environment field testing for identification of combined resistance to rust and chocolate spot

The aim of this work was to identify Vicia faba germplasm resistant both to rust and chocolate spot. A collection of 43 accessions of V. faba previously identified as chocolate-spot resistant was evaluated for rust and chocolate spot resistance in Egypt and in Spain. The genotype and genotype × environment (GGE) biplot analyses allowed the selection of 11 accessions resistant to both diseases in those locations. These 11 accessions were evaluated for rust in an additional field trial in Spain, all performing better than the susceptible check. The joint analysis of the 11 accessions in the four field trials where they had been evaluated revealed no significant effects either for genotype, environment or the genotype × environment interaction. They are hence promising sources of resistance, both for their low severities and their stable responses across the studied environments. This collection was also tested under controlled conditions against the Egyptian and the Spanish isolates of rust present in the field trials further underlining the stable performance of these genotypes. Finally, the effect of previous infection with chocolate spot on rust resistance was assessed under controlled conditions and no influence of it was found.     

石河子地区鲜食葡萄烂果病病原鉴定

[目的]明确石河子地区鲜食葡萄果实烂果病的主要病原.[方法]通过田间调查及对具有典型烂果症状的病样进行分离纯化和培养,对病原进行常规形态学和分子生物学鉴定.[结果]通过鉴定查明引起石河子地区葡萄烂果的病原菌主要有三种:灰葡萄孢菌(Botrytis cinerea .Pers),黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)和黑根霉(Rhizopus nigricans).[结论]石河子葡萄烂果的主要病原有3种,其诱因主要与8月上旬久旱遇雨和膨大剂用量较多有关.     

乙烯利对红地球葡萄采后灰霉病发生的影响

对经不同浓度乙烯利处理的红地球葡萄果实接种灰霉葡萄孢霉菌后发病率的调查与测定,结果表明,在各贮藏期间,红地球葡萄灰霉病发病率随着处理浓度加大和贮藏期延长而增加,乙烯利加速了红地球葡萄在贮藏保鲜过程中易受灰霉病菌侵染而腐烂霉变。     

灰葡萄孢BC4菌株抑菌活性成分分离及对小麦纹枯菌的作用

首先探索了利用薄层色谱分离灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea)BC4菌株抑菌活性代谢产物的溶剂系统,在此基础上分离得到了该菌4个代谢产物组分;然后以小麦纹枯菌为生物测定对象,观察了这4个组分对小麦纹枯菌菌丝生长的抑制活性;同时利用显微技术进一步观察了抑菌活性组分对小麦纹枯菌菌丝生长的影响部位。结果表明:在4种不同的薄层色谱溶剂系统中,石油醚+乙酸乙酯+甲酸(5∶4∶1)为分离灰葡萄孢BC4菌株抑菌活性代谢产物的较好展开剂。对利用该溶剂系统分离得到的4个代谢产物组分进行生物活性测定的结果表明,2个组分具有生物活性,其中组分4对小麦纹枯病菌有明显的抑制生长作用,相反组分2对其生长却有促进作用,组分1和3对该病菌没有作用。利用光学显微镜观察发现,接触组分4的小麦纹枯病菌菌丝顶端外部有深色液滴,对照则没有这种现象。利用扫描电镜观察的结果表明,接触组分4的菌丝与对照明显不同,菌丝停止向前延伸生长,分支增多,菌丝体出现不规则的膨大与缢缩,有些菌丝体新生部分变薄、模糊,有熔化迹象;有些与其它菌丝体粘合或融合在一起。表明灰葡萄孢BC4菌株代谢的抑菌活性成分对小麦纹枯菌的菌丝体体壁的形成具有严重阻碍作用,与三唑酮具有相似的作用特点。